School is scheduled to start September 2. The contract expires August 31. This is being decided this week.
This page was a collaboration of elementary education teachers and instructional assistants (IAs) — across general education and special education — within Seattle Public Schools. The information presented comes from their experiences in the classrooms, with hundreds of years of experience between them. The examples below are their account, reviewed and confirmed by staff who do this work. Because this information is not yet public, these individuals are bravely spreading it so parents can see what is being decided for their children. A parent built this site to help carry their message.
Seattle Public Schools

No one wants a strike. Here’s how you can help.

Our educators, across special education and general education, want you to hear why negotiations are moving toward a strike — and it is not primarily because of salaries, or what the press is reporting.

SPS added a special education redesign into contract negotiations that would affect 170 jobs: eliminate 100 instructional assistant positions and 70 more converted to “roaming” assignments. Removing these roles changes what happens in classrooms every day — how much gets taught, and whether children and staff are safe.

This redesign proposal should not be happening in contract negotiations. The current contract already provides a joint district–union taskforce*. Ask the superintendent and the Board to use the taskforce to do a proper redesign and ask them to remove this redesign from the strike deadline. See below on how to email them.

What the school district is proposing

And why it matters — it affects all students

Our educators want you to know the impact across the entire school body. Today, roughly 1 in 6 students has an IEP*. Most of those students are not in separate classrooms — they sit in general education either part time or the full day. These students may have accompanied support or receive support outside of the classroom.

Student with an IEP Student without

A class of twenty-four. 8,010 SPS students have an IEP — 16% of enrollment.

The thing most parents do not know

These students are not in one place. They are in every classroom.

Most special education in SPS is delivered inside general education classrooms, not in a separate room down the hall. State data shows about 71% of SPS students with IEPs spend 80–100% of their day in a general education class. They are spread across every school and nearly every classroom in the district.

Which means the instructional assistants in these staffing ratios are not sitting in one room. A program’s three IAs are spread across fifteen or more classrooms, moving between them all day — de-escalating, running behavior plans, helping a child stay in the lesson instead of leaving it.

When an IA is not there, the work does not disappear. It lands on the general education teacher, who stops teaching the other twenty-three children to manage it. So this does not affect 8,010 students. It affects all of them — every classroom, in every school.

The redesign proposal

Four programs become two

Staffing is written as three numbers: students, teacher, instructional assistants. 10:1:3 means every ten students generate one teacher and three instructional assistants. The proposed ratio applies K–12. Today’s ratios differ by level — Extended Resource is 10:1:3 in elementary and 13:1:3 in secondary — but the proposal sets one number for everyone. The comparison below uses the elementary starting point; secondary is shown underneath.

Read these as building-wide staffing, not classroom photographs. Resource and Extended Resource students are integrated throughout general education. The numbers below are allocated per program, not per room — today’s three instructional assistants are already spread across fifteen or more classrooms, moving between them all day. Cutting to one does not thin one room. It thins an entire building, and the work falls to general education teachers.

Focus and Distinct are different: those students spend most of their day in a self-contained classroom, though many still spend part of the day in general education depending on how their IEP is written. They need the most intensive support in the district.

Extended Resource & Resource combine

Students combined represent 1,426 Extended Resource students — who largely have social-emotional needs and many of whom have a behavior intervention plan — and 4,692 Resource students, who generally attend most of the day in a general classroom and are pulled out for Resource classroom needs.
Extended Resource today — 10:1:3 elementary
10 students
4 staff
1 teacher, 3 assistants
Program staff
Students served
Combined program — 20:1:1 K–12
20 students
2 staff
1 teacher, 1 assistant
Program staff
Students served
Students double. Staff cut in half. Students per program staff goes from 2.5 to 10 — up 300%. At the secondary level the starting point is 13:1:3, so the same proposed ratio takes it from 3.3 to 10 — up 208%. One number is being applied to every grade, K–12.

Distinct & Focus combine

Students combined represent 435 Distinct students, whom require the most intensive support in the district, with 775 Focus students who need significant academic support and are taught well below grade level in self-contained classrooms.
Distinct today — 7:1:2
7 students
3 staff
1 teacher, 2 assistants
Program staff
Students served
Combined program — 10:1:2
10 students
3 staff
1 teacher, 2 assistants
Program staff
Students served
The group grows 43% with no additional staff. Students per staff member goes from 2.3 to 3.3 — up 43%. These are self-contained classrooms. In a Distinct room of seven, students may be non-speaking, need 1:1 support for toileting twice a day, and several carry behavior emergency plans requiring three adults present. IAs also take two 30-minute breaks daily, and coverage is already a struggle.*
What educators say this does to inclusion

Focus and Distinct students already do less inclusion than they could — because there are not enough adults to do it safely. Teachers say some of these students could spend far more time in general education if the staff existed to support them there. They cannot. Educators describe this as one of the most heartbreaking parts of the job.

At the secondary level, cutting staff pushes students the other way. Without enough adults to co-teach, students who are currently in general education classes get moved into self-contained rooms instead, because that becomes the only way to staff them. Families who have fought for years to get their child into general education classes would find them there without the IEP support that makes it work — or not there at all. That is the opposite of the direction the district says it wants to go.

The why

The budget deficit is real. Cutting special education is not the fix.

The district faces a real budget shortfall. However, cutting special education support in a contract negotiation is not the way. Redesigning a complex plan like this deserves time and thought. Adding it to the contract negotiation is shortsighted, jeopardizes everyone’s safety and cuts teachers’ ability to educate.

There is real disagreement about the size of the district’s budget shortfall, and about how special education spending should be counted within it. People who follow the budget closely have reached different figures, and we are not going to referee that here.

It does not change the point. Whatever the number is, it was created by a state funding formula that does not cover the cost of services districts are legally required to provide — and by a Legislature that capped the local levies districts had been using to make up the difference.

The classroom consequence is what the educators on this page are describing, and that is not a matter of accounting interpretation. Fewer adults with the same children is fewer adults with the same children.

A funding failure created in Olympia should not be paid for by the students least able to carry it, inside a labor negotiation on a strike deadline, with no published analysis. Two weeks or two months — neither is enough time to force a decision of this scale.

What the new proposal means in practice

A Tuesday in 3 classrooms

Below examples are built from the proposal’s staffing suggestions and descriptions from educators.

An everyday case study in SPS

Tuesday in a 3rd grade classroom

24 students. Four have IEPs. One has a behavior plan. This is a general education classroom — the instructional assistant who supports him is shared across more than a dozen rooms in the building.
Today

10:40 a.m. He starts to escalate during independent reading.

The instructional assistant who knows his plan is available. She steps in, moves him to the hallway, runs the de-escalation steps he has practiced with her since September. He is back at his desk in nine minutes.

The other 23 keep reading. The teacher never stops teaching.

Under the proposal

10:40 a.m. Same child. Same trigger.

The assistant who knew his plan is gone. Her program now has 20 students and one assistant instead of three. The roaming assistant is at another school. Nobody comes.

The teacher stops instruction and tries to de-escalate a child she was never trained to de-escalate, while 23 eight-year-olds watch. It doesn’t work. She calls a room clear.

23 children line up in the hallway. Twenty minutes of instruction, gone. It happens again Thursday.

Nobody in this room is served by the second version. Not the child who needed help. Not the 23 who lost the lesson. Not the teacher.

Note: 1:1 aides written into an IEP are funded separately from these ratios, so some students have one — but they are rare in practice.*

Report from a 4th grade parent: this is already happening where support is thin. Two students on the autism spectrum, no assistant assigned, daily room clears — and in 5th grade the whole class needed weeks of remedial instruction to recover what they had missed.

An everyday case study in SPS

A third grader with dyslexia

In Resource — the program 4,692 SPS students are in. General education classroom all day, pulled out for reading.
Today

She leaves her classroom for 30 minutes and works in a group of four with the resource teacher on structured literacy — decoding, spelling patterns, the specific instruction her IEP requires.

Her resource teacher carries a caseload of 22 students with similar academic profiles.

Small group. Same teacher every day. Instruction matched to what she needs.

Under the proposal

Her resource teacher’s program has absorbed Extended Resource — students who previously had three instructional assistants and who largely have social-emotional and behavior support needs. The assistants did not come with them.

The same teacher now serves a wider range of need with one assistant. Group sizes rise. Time gets rationed toward crisis.

Her 30 minutes still appears on her IEP. Whether she receives it depends on what else is happening that day.

This is the largest group of students with IEPs in the district, and the one most parents do not realize is affected.
An everyday case study in SPS

A Distinct classroom today, a combined classroom tomorrow

A student needs the bathroom. Toileting happens twice a day and can take 30 minutes or longer.
Today — 7 students, 3 staff

One assistant takes him — toileting happens twice a day and can take 30 minutes. The teacher and the second assistant remain with six students, most of whom need 1:1 support to engage with their work at all.

Instruction continues. Everyone is supervised.

Under the proposal — 10 students, 3 staff

Same three staff. One takes him. Now two adults remain with nine students instead of six — several needing 1:1 support, several with behavior emergency plans that require three adults present to keep everyone safe.

Add the two 30-minute breaks each assistant takes daily, and the room regularly drops below what the safety plans require.

Not an unlucky day. The arithmetic of every day.

The staffing does not change. The number of children does. Educators in these rooms report that people are already getting hurt at current staffing levels.* Adding three more students without adding an adult does not hold.
How can I help?

Send two emails

Note — the send button is being fixed right now. In the meantime, open the letter below, copy it, and send it from your own email — the addresses are listed with each one. Best we can do for the moment — thanks for your patience!

Email one asks the district to take this proposal out of bargaining and into the taskforce the current contract provides for. Email SPS today to help avoid the strike.

Email two asks the state to fix the funding failure underneath it.

Email one

Superintendent and school board

Withdraw the restructure from contract negotiations. Refer it to the joint SEA–SPS Special Education taskforce* with published analysis and a public board vote.

  • Settle the economic package separately
  • Publish the delivery plan for IEP* minutes at the proposed ratios
  • Publish a per-school impact count
  • Stop passing the state’s fractional student count* through to school staffing
One-click send — temporarily unavailable
Send it yourself — three steps
Step 1 — copy these addresses
liza.rankin@seattleschools.org, kesmith2@seattleschools.org, eybriggs@seattleschools.org, jemizrahi@seattleschools.org, vsmaritz@seattleschools.org, gktopp@seattleschools.org, jllavallee@seattleschools.org, boshuldiner@seattleschools.org, schoolboard@seattleschools.org
Step 2 — copy this subject line
Please remove the special education redesign from contract negotiations
Step 3 — copy the letter below
Open it, select the text, and paste it into your email. Sign it with your name.

Goes to all seven Board Directors, Superintendent Shuldiner, and the Board Office. Messages to Board Directors are public records.

Your email is on its way.

Thank you for speaking up for Seattle’s kids. Now send this page to one other parent at your school.

Email two

Your state legislators

The structural failure is in Olympia. Two asks, both with numbers attached.

  • Close the Safety Net* “donut hole”* — $30,371 per student, $12.76M a year in Seattle alone
  • Report whether SB 5263* actually closed the gap for districts
  • Stop counting students with IEPs as fractional students*
One-click send — temporarily unavailable
Send it yourself — three steps
Step 1 — copy these addresses
sharontomiko.santos@leg.wa.gov, Lisa.Wellman@leg.wa.gov, gerry.pollet@leg.wa.gov, timm.ormsby@leg.wa.gov, Chipalo.Street@leg.wa.gov, Nicole.Macri@leg.wa.gov, Liz.Berry@leg.wa.gov, Julia.Reed@leg.wa.gov, Darya.Farivar@leg.wa.gov, Rebecca.Saldana@leg.wa.gov, Noel.Frame@leg.wa.gov, jamie.pedersen@leg.wa.gov, Javier.Valdez@leg.wa.gov, Emily.Alvarado@leg.wa.gov
Step 2 — copy this subject line
Please close the Safety Net funding gap for special education
Step 3 — copy the letter below
Open it, select the text, and paste it into your email. Sign it with your name and address so they can confirm you are a constituent.

Goes to the education and budget committee leaders who write the funding formula. Want to reach your own legislators too? Look them up here.

Your email is on its way.

Thank you. Olympia is where the structural fix has to come from.

Additional information

Questions parents are asking

Where are the 8,010 students with IEPs?
Resource — 4,692
Ext. 1,426
Focus
Distinct
Resource — 4,692

59% of all IEPs. In general education classrooms, with pull-out or push-in instruction. Dyslexia and other learning disabilities, speech and language, ADHD.

Extended Resource — 1,426

Split between general education and a supported setting. Every student has a behavior intervention plan.

Focus — 775

Self-contained academic classrooms, taught well below grade level.

Distinct — 435

The most intensive support in the district. May include toileting and medical needs.

Why is special education in a labor contract at all?

Staffing ratios — how many students per teacher and per assistant — are written into the contract between the district and the union. So changing them means changing the contract.

That is why the district can raise it in bargaining. Special education funding and staffing have been debated for years, and nobody claims otherwise. What is new is that a specific redesign — with specific ratios attached — entered bargaining on August 11, tied to a strike deadline. Whether the district worked on it for two weeks or two months is beside the point: neither is enough time to settle a redesign of this scale inside a contract fight. The contract also provides for a joint taskforce designed for exactly this kind of change.

Isn’t the district broke? Where should the money come from?

The district is in serious financial trouble. Its general fund balance has fallen sharply since 2022. Estimates of the annual operating deficit vary widely depending on what is counted, so we do not cite a single figure.

The question is who absorbs it. The shortfall is created by a state funding formula that does not cover the cost of services the district is legally required to provide. Cutting 100 assistants does not close it — but it does change what happens in classrooms every day.

Didn’t the state just fix special education funding?

Partly. In 2025 the Legislature passed SB 5263, which removed the 16% enrollment funding cap and increased the per-student multiplier, sending roughly $870 million more statewide over two budgets. It passed the House 97–0.

That helps. It does not close the gap in one district, and the Safety Net “donut hole” still leaves $30,371 per high-cost student with no state or federal offset. Whether the 2025 changes actually closed the gap is something the Legislature should be asked to measure.

Has the district merged special education programs before?

Yes — and last time it did not cut adults.

Before 2023–24

Programs lived at assigned schools

The contract designated “Satellite” and “Continuum” schools hosting particular services. If your neighborhood school did not host your child’s pathway, your child traveled. Those categories sunset in 2023–24.

2023–24

Access and SEL merged into Extended Resource

Access was staffed at 10:1:3. Social and Emotional Services at 10:1:2. The merged program came out at 10:1:3 — the district kept the higher staffing level.

Now

A second merger, with the adults removed

This time the staffing does not follow the students. Roughly 100 assistant positions eliminated, 70 converted to roaming.

Merging programs is a policy choice. Removing the adults is a budget choice.

Why can serving a child more cost their school a teacher?

In the state staffing formula, a student receiving special education services for a fifth of the day counts as only 0.8 of a student for general staffing purposes.

So a school that increases a child’s services can lose general education staffing for doing it. District finance staff confirmed this in a public board meeting on August 19, 2026.

The fractional count comes from the state. The decision to pass it straight through to individual schools, rather than holding buildings harmless, is the district’s.

Where do the numbers on this page come from?
8,010 students with IEPs; 16% of enrollment; Safety Net figures ($11,392 allocation, $41,763 threshold, $30,371 gap, 420 students, $12.76M)
SPS Special Education Finance Overview, presented by Devin Gurley to the Finance & Audit Committee, August 18, 2026. A public district document.
Current staffing ratios — Resource 22:1:1, Extended Resource 10:1:3, Focus 10:1:2, Distinct 7:1:2
SPS–SEA Certificated Collective Bargaining Agreement 2025–2026, Article IX; and the SPS Special Education Proposal dated August 9, 2022.
Program enrollment — Resource 4,692, Extended Resource 1,426, Focus 775, Distinct 435
Enrollment figures presented at the SPS Finance & Audit Committee meeting, August 2026, as tabulated by a member of the public who attended.
About 71% of SPS students with IEPs spend 80–100% of the day in a general education class
OSPI Special Education Performance Data Profile for Seattle Public Schools, Indicator 5A, 2025–26 (71.18%).
Students with IEPs counted as 0.8 of a student in staffing formulas
Exchange between Director Katy Smith and district finance staff, SPS School Board meeting, August 19, 2026.
Special education is part of basic education; the state’s paramount duty
Washington Constitution Article IX, section 1; RCW 28A.150.200; McCleary v. State (2012).
2017 levy cap; $590 million in local levy spent statewide on special education excess costs in 2022–23
EHB 2242 (2017); Washington State Auditor performance audit on special education funding, October 2025.
SB 5263 removed the 16% enrollment funding cap, raised the multiplier, passed the House 97–0, roughly $870 million over two budgets
Washington State Legislature, 2025 session; contemporaneous news coverage.
OSPI must report to the Legislature by December 1 on the impact of removing the enrollment cap
HB 1310 (2025), reporting requirement.
Joint SEA–SPS Special Education taskforce
Referenced in the SPS–SEA collective bargaining agreement and described on seattleschools.org as including SEA members, Special Education central office staff, and family representatives.
Conditions in Distinct classrooms — toileting, behavior emergency plans, staff breaks, injuries
First-hand account from a SPED-certificated teacher who worked in a grade 3–5 Distinct classroom of seven students, publicly posted August 2026 and confirmed in the same thread by an instructional assistant currently working in a Distinct classroom.
1:1 aides are rare in practice
First-hand account from a teacher with 16 years in the Extended Resource program, who reports having had two students with 1:1 paraeducators in that time. Educators also report the district does not always staff every 1:1 written into an IEP.
Staffing is allocated per program, not per classroom; IAs are spread across many rooms
Accounts from Extended Resource teachers and instructional assistants currently or recently working in SPS.
The proposed ratios, the August 11 date, ~100 IA positions cut and 70 converted to roaming, and the 57 open bargaining issues
Shared with SEA membership and reported to us by SPS educators. The 57 figure has also been reported publicly by West Seattle Blog.

One honest caveat. The district has not published its bargaining proposals. The proposed ratios here were shared with SEA membership and reported to us by SPS educators, and they are consistent across several independent accounts — but they are not a district document. We have asked SPS to publish the proposal and the analysis behind it. If the district releases figures that differ, we will correct this page.

Glossary

What these words actually mean

Special education runs on acronyms. None of this vocabulary is common knowledge, and you should not have to learn it to have an opinion about your child’s school.

IEP — Individualized Education Program
A legal document setting out the specific services, minutes, and accommodations a student with a disability receives. Federal law requires the district to deliver what it says. 8,010 SPS students have one.
What the count leaves out. That figure includes only students who completed an evaluation and qualified. It does not include students waiting on evaluation, students on 504 plans, or students whose needs were never formally identified. The Washington State Auditor reported in October 2025 that referral data and tracking are unreliable enough that the state cannot accurately assess identification.
To add Specific figures on students who need evaluation but do not receive one — sourced before publication.
504 Plan
A different legal tool for students with a disability who need accommodations but not specially designed instruction. A 504 student is not counted in the special education numbers on this page.
Staffing ratio — 10:1:3
Three numbers: students : teacher : instructional assistants. 10:1:3 means every ten students generate one teacher and three instructional assistants. These are program-wide staffing allocations, not one room.
Pathway
SPS’s word for a service model. Which pathway a student is assigned to determines their staffing ratio, and sometimes which school they attend. The proposal collapses four pathways into two.
Resource — 4,692 students
The largest pathway by far, and the one most people do not picture. These students are in a general education classroom most of the day and receive specially designed instruction in a small group or in place. Dyslexia and other learning disabilities, speech and language, ADHD.
Extended Resource — 1,426 students
Students who split time between general education and a supported setting. Students largely have social-emotional needs, and many have a behavior intervention plan, though not all do. Currently staffed at 10:1:3 in elementary. Created in 2023–24 by merging the Access and Social-Emotional Learning programs.
Focus — 775 students
Self-contained academic classrooms. Students need significant academic support and are taught well below grade level. May also have behavior needs.
Distinct — 435 students
The highest level of support the district provides. Taught below the Focus level. May have behavior and academic needs, and may need toileting support and have medical needs without being classified medically fragile.
Instructional Assistant (IA) — also paraeducator or para
Classified staff who work alongside the teacher: small group instruction, personal care, de-escalation, and accompanying students into general education. They are the staff this proposal removes. Many hold degrees; pay tops out near $65,000.
Roaming IA
Under the proposal, 70 assistants would be reassigned from specific classrooms to district-wide floating roles, deployed where needed on a given day. For a student on a behavior plan, the consistent adult is the intervention.
FBA and BIP
A Functional Behavioral Assessment identifies what triggers a student’s behavior and what it communicates. A Behavior Intervention Plan is the written response staff follow. Carrying out a BIP takes trained adults who know the student.
LRE — Least Restrictive Environment
The federal requirement that students with disabilities be educated alongside non-disabled peers to the greatest extent appropriate. It is why most students with IEPs are in general education classrooms rather than separate rooms.
Safety Net
State and federal money districts apply for, after the fact, to partly reimburse the cost of individual very high-cost students. Not automatic. SPS applied for 420 students last year.
The “donut hole”
Safety Net reimbursement does not begin until a student’s cost exceeds a threshold — $41,763 in 2024–25. The district receives $11,392 in its allocation for that student. The $30,371 in between is covered by nobody and comes out of the general fund. Across 420 students, $12.76 million a year.
AFTE and WSS
Weighted Staffing Standards is how SPS allocates staff to schools. It relies on state student counts in which a child receiving special education a fifth of the day counts as only 0.8 of a student. A school can lose general education staffing because it increased a child’s services.
The joint SEA–SPS Special Education taskforce
A joint district–union working group referenced in the current collective bargaining agreement. It is the venue built for developing changes to special education services — with time, analysis, and educator input — rather than settling them under a strike deadline.
SB 5263 (2025)
State legislation that removed the 16% cap on how many students a district could receive special education funding for, and raised the per-student multiplier. It passed the House 97–0 and sends roughly $870 million more statewide across two budgets. It helps. It does not close Seattle’s gap.
SEA and the CBA
The Seattle Education Association is the union representing roughly 6,000 teachers, paraeducators, counselors and office professionals. The Collective Bargaining Agreement is the contract between SEA and the district — the document where these staffing ratios are written down.
About how this site was made. We are educators, parents and volunteers — not web developers. We used AI tools to build the page and to help draft and organize the text. Every fact, figure and example on it has been reviewed, corrected and approved by humans who work in these classrooms, and we correct anything that turns out to be wrong. If you spot an error, tell us at spsforkids@gmail.com and we will fix it.
Send the two emails